Month: February 2020

ClimAss Weekend 1 Report

This account of the first meeting of the Climate Assembly last weekend is neither complete nor objective. It’s rather long, and I don’t expect it to interest everyone. I was intending to give a summary with a formal list of errors and examples of misleading or incomplete information. It was while transcribing that an idea came to me – no more than a hunch, if you like – which I’ll put in the form of a prediction, which will be falsified or confirmed in the following three weekends (Weekend 2 starts on February 7th.)

My prediction is that this is going to go badly wrong, and there’s nothing the organisers can do about it. My reasoning is that the obvious failings of the experts – the lack of preparedness, the false statements, the failure to answer questions, the poor rapport with the members of the Assembly – are not just due to incompetence or poor planning. They are systemic, inherent in the project since the beginning. My prediction is that the Climate Assembly will be the first large scale revelation of the whole climate change project for what it is: a power play, a parody of a mass movement, a hollow shell of a political process, a gabfest of airheads from academia and bright young ambitious things from the chattering classes. As I say, it’s just a hunch, but a hunch based on what I’ve read and heard, which I’ll try and justify.

I expected a slick PR job presented by cocky professionals, followed by a stage managed Q&A session with the usual banal or incoherent questions, filtered to eliminate anything off message. I was wrong on all counts. The presentations were abysmal, the experts pathetic, and the questions, though filtered and read out on stage (thus sparing us the usual embarrassing longueurs) were generally apposite and intelligent. It was the responses to the questions that led me to a kind of Damascene revelation. They really are worse than we thought. Hooray and thank Gaia.

The fact that the first weekend’s discussions were made available on Youtube hereincluding the Q&A sessions, subtitled, and with transcripts, made it possible to react swiftly to events, but also made an immediate reaction here less urgent. Everyone can hear and read for themselves what happened. Transcripts were up by Tuesday, all except for the first Q&A session, in which, as Barry Woods noted on Twitter, Professor Haigh had uttered a serious falsehood, in claiming that China had promised to phase out coal-fired power generation. For pointing this out he was banned from the ClimateAssembly account. (So were others, I believe. More information would be welcome.)

The transcript of this session was finally published four days late, with a sort of correction, which itself contains what might be termed“statements liable to misinterpretation”– not actual porkies, but British bangers – i.e. products containing at least 15% porcine material – for example:

It is difficult to find information on the precise plans for new Chinese coal-fired power plants, but the available evidence shows that their construction continues in China.”

It is not difficult to find evidence that China aims to continue economic growth at a rate of 7% or more before levelling off its use of fossil fuels in 2030. This implies at least doubling its use of coal, so it is not “difficult to find information” that Professor Haigh’s claim that “China has promised to phase out coal-fired power generation” was the opposite of the truth. The correction: “It is difficult to find information on the precise plans…” is itself a misdirection, or cover up, or failure to come clean, which two Expert Leads,“responsible for ensuring that the information provided to Climate Assembly UK assembly is balanced, accurate and comprehensive” laboured four days to concoct.

My first reaction to the presentations was simply that the experts were ill-chosen and ill-prepared, but as I transcribed their responses in the Q&A sessions, it seemed to me that disaster is inevitable, pre-ordained. It’s not difficult to point out statements that were misleading, incomplete, off-topic, badly expressed or just plain wrong, but that’s not the point. It’s not just that they can’t counter the arguments of sceptics. They can’t even express what they mean to themselves, and therefore they can’t interact rationally with the people they’re addressing, even those who agree with them.

The more they insisted that their expertise was of vital importance, because it touches every aspects of everything, from the way we lead our daily lives to the future of life on the planet, the more they tried to engage with the audience, the more we realise that there’s nothing there.

You can’t get there from here. You can’t get from the expert opinion of an atmospheric physicist that the world is warming – that there are fires, droughts, floods, melting glaciers or what not – to a threat to the survival of humanity, however hard you try. The public is aware of the existence of the different pieces of the puzzle; the experts were there to help them to put them together. When they try over the next few weekends, I predict that they will realise that the pieces don’t fit, not because they, the public are too thick, not because the experts are poor communicators, but because the pieces belong to four or five different puzzles.

Of the four speakers on the first morning, the most lucid and well-prepared was Professor Rebecca Willis, who spoke on “Why tackling climate change has proved difficult.” It was dull stuff, but properly structured and clearly expressed. Then came the Q&A session and her chance to respond to the very first question:

How much of a minority in the UK am I as someone who knows, understands and talks about climate change [as] a serious matter?”

[My comment: This is an excellent question. Coming from someone who evidently considers him- or herself an informed climate activist, it hints at a point I make here again and again. When the tiny minority of informed activists (or informed critics) are treated as indistinguishable from the vast majority who are of the same opinion, according to opinion polls, the debate is falsified. This climate Pharisee objects to being identified with Greta and the vast majority of her fans, just as you and I might object to being identified with Trump and his fans. This person wants the answer to a question that I too consider vital: How many people are really, truly, and in an informed fashion, persuaded of the impending climate catastrophe? Is it the forty million who are “concerned” about climate change according to the polls, or the forty thousand who might turn out to a climate march on a good day, or the three or four who comment at the average warmist blog?]

Here’s Professor Willis’s response:

OK, great question. If you look at public opinion research there’s quite high levels of concern about climate change depending on how you ask the question. About 70% of people are quite worried about it. A fraction of those are very worried about it. In terms of those taking action that’s a harder thing to measure. You would find that out of those 70-odd percent most people have thought about their actions in some way, so they might think about driving less or flying less or they might think about using more renewable energy by switching to a renewable energy tariff for example. There are a lot of things that individuals have done. Some individuals might choose to act by making their voices heard by talking to politicians or by writing or speaking about climate change. But it’s hard to get a sense of what sort of levels of action there are out there.

It’s not that Professor Willis doesn’t know the answer. She hasn’t understood the question. She hasn’t begun to try to understand the question. She doesn’t realise that she hasn’t begun to understand the question because she basically doesn’t care about the question, or any question, because in her world, such questions have no place. Suddenly she’s projected into a strange other world, that of normal human interaction, and she doesn’t understand what’s happening.

According to the Climate Assembly site, “her work focuses on energy and climate governance.” Whatever that garbage phrase means, it does not include understanding of people, their competence, their experience, and their feelings. Not even – especially not – the feelings of people who are anxious to agree with her and look to her for support. I try to imagine the reaction of the questioner, obviously an ardent supporter of climate action, and I can only imagine Professor Willis’s reply as being experienced as a slap in the face.

The Saturday morning session started with ten-minute presentations by Professor Jo Haigh of Imperial College on What Climate Change Is, and Professor Ed Hawkins on Impacts. Jo was expected to summarise the thousand pages of IPCC AR5 Working Group 1 in ten minutes, and Ed to do the same for WG2. They had the slides, but no written notes, so they blathered.

Professor Haigh gave a quick rundown of the greenhouse gas effect, then, three minutes in, she put up a graph attributed to Imperial College and the Grantham Institute (of which she is a deputy director) showing global temperature anomalies from 1850 to the present, and commented:

We’ve now got forty or fifty odd years of satellite data telling us what the temperature’s been doing over the world. But going back further than that of course there weren’t satellites. The instrumental period, thermometers could be used from about the 1850s, and they’ve been at various weather stations over the globe, and again, the data is collected and analysed, and that’s a very careful subject that needs to be done taking into account all sorts of factors about different thermometers and different places and whether the air is changed in terms of urbanisation and that sort of thing. So very carefully collected data over the world. Going back over longer periods over thousands of years we can tell especially what the temperature and humidity have done using indicators like in tree rings and in corals and in stalagmites and ocean sediments can tell us what the temperature and humidity has done over these very much longer periods.

My Comment:

1) The fifty years of satellite data are referred to but is not used on the graph. Why not?

2) “Very carefully collected data” is an odd description of temperatures taken in a bucket, as used for 70% of the earth’s surface for 60% of the period. Particularly as the data so “carefully collected” a century ago has been revised retrospectively so that the rise in temperature during the 20thcentury is now twice what we thought it was 20 years ago.

3) The reference to “tree rings, corals, stalagmites and ocean sediments” is presumably Professor Haigh’s coy way of referring to MBH1998 without actually mentioning the word “hockeystick.” And these proxy global temperatures “go back thousands of years”? Really?

4) And what about 3000 years of recorded human history? Does what people said count for nothing? Are people less reliable than stalagmites?]

Ten minutes in, Professor Haigh was running two minutes late, so she skipped the discussion of these factors (visible on the screen behind her)

Responses which can reduce the original warming (or cooling)

– changes in humidity, clouds and ice

– heat storage by oceans

– natural variations and “noise”

many of which, by coincidence, were also skated over in AR5 WG1

After having said that water vapour was the principal greenhouse gas, she added: “We can’t add to the water vapour in the atmosphere because as soon as – if we were to try and put more in, it would just rain out again, it’s sort of controlled.”

On the Mauna Loa CO2 measurements she said:This is a quite incredible picture, and it’s showing that since 1960 the composition has gone in these units from 320 to over 400 units” carefully avoiding mentioning what those units are: – parts per million.

A scientist giving a presentation in an event organised by a Parliamentary Committee is not under oath, as she would be if presenting directly to the Committee, but one expects certain standards of honesty, which involves not cherrypicking, and not omitting important facts. Of course, if you don’t have a script, but just make it up as you go along, you’re going to end up saying things like: “the quantity of water vapour in the atmosphere is sort of controlled,and who but a nit-picking denier would find fault?

Professor Hawkins had an easier time of it, since his subject was impacts, which are largely in the future and therefore speculative. He started and ended with Ed’s Amazing Technicolor Dreamstripe. It starts blue and it ends red. End of story. He continued with the Arctic ice over the past 40 years of satellite observations, though with nothing on the previous two centuries of observations by humans. (Again, why listen to people, boring seafarers with their tedious roaming the ocean in quest of whales or the North East or North West Passage? Why bother with history now we’ve got satellite photography?) Ed continues:

And this, of course, this melting in the Arctic and warming of the Arctic has consequences for those who live in the Arctic, people, and the wildlife who live there and are used to the climate of the past, and we’re pushing them outside the climate of the past and making them live in a new climate in which they may not be adapted to.

I’ve dealt with the subject of the Arctic inhabitants who we are “pushing outside the climate of the past” to “live in a new climate in which they may not be adapted to” here. 

(One of them was on French TV the other evening, complaining that, because of the melting ice, he now has to drive his snowmobile 35 kilometres to the supermarket to buy yoghurt. It wan’t like that in the time of Eric the Red. Eric’s Norseman cousins sailed down the Danube and no doubt brought back longboats full of homegrown Bulgarian yoghurt to their Greenland colony weekly.)

Where was I?

Then it was the bushfires (the reasons for the bushfires in Australia are many and they’re complex”) and heatwaves in the UK (“what we see is that the hot weather caused hot temperatures, but the temperatures were hotter than they would otherwise have been without climate change. We’ve added extra heat to those events”) and floods in the UK (“again, this event has many and varied complex reasons for occurring, but ultimately it comes down to how much rain fell from the sky.”)

And so on to sea levels: (The sea levels around the globe have already risen by about 25 centimetres or so, and they will continue to rise for centuries as the planet continues to warm.Yes, but since when? And by how much in the future? He didn’t say.)Thenafter briefly mentioning ocean acidification, coral die off, migration, and the spread of disease, Ed finished by showing his stripes again, which let it be said, are a transparent (or do I mean opaque?) attempt to disguise the nature of global warming. Haigh at least used a temperature graph, which, however doctored, clearly shows the rises and dips which are completely out of sync with CO2 concentrations. Ed’s stripy thingy is the statistical equivalent of an emoji. It shows how Ed feels about his job, about the intelligence of the general public, and possibly about life in general. Red bad, blue good.

After Professor Rebecca Willis, expert on energy and climate governance, whom I discussed above, came Chris Stark, CEO of the Committee on Climate Change, the first non-academic. He spent longer explaining what the Assembly was going to do than Professor Haigh had on explaining the climate of the past million years. A civil servant who has previously worked in Customs and Excise, the Treasury, and the Scottish Parliament, he gives the impression of having been born and raised in a power point presentation, the offspring of a rising emission and a pie chart.

As a sample, after describing the meaning of “net zero” at some length Stark says:

There is a bigger story here going on which you will hear about, about what’s sometimes called our carbon footprint. And we have a bigger carbon footprint than just those emissions that we produce here in the UK. So think about the things that we import in particular. Think about something like steel for example. So steel is a thing that is produced by an industrial process, and a lot of the steel that we use is imported from another place. And that industrial process has emissions associated with it, and what we import therefore means that we are responsible for something that happens outside of the UK. Now if you look at that question, that’s sometimes called consumption emissions because we’re consuming that product. There is a bigger number associated with that than the emissions we produce here. So it’s a bit.. but 50% or so bigger than the emissions we actually produce here, so we are responsible for something a bit more than just the emissions that we produce here in the UK, but the emissions produced in the UK are still the biggest part of our impact on the climate, so it’s the biggest, it’s the biggest thing that we are responsible for, those things that happen in the UK. I’m going to talk you through very quickly those production emissions overall….

This is not how you’re supposed to talk to adults. Chris Stark is running the official agency which is charged by parliament with telling governments for the next thirty years or so how many trillions they should spend on changing utterly our way of life. Until last weekend he was unknown to the general public. Since last weekend he is at least well-known to the 110 members of the Climate Assembly who are charged with finding solutions to the government’s impossible conundrum on our behalf, and to the 400 Youtube viewers of his presentation. Let’s hope his fame spreads.

More from Chris:

Question: Surface transport was 23% in your pie chart, so why has government spectacularly failed to invest in rail transport, especially in Northern England over the last thirty years?

Chris Stark: I can’t answer that question because it’s a political one really, but hidden in that question is a really good point, that there are alternatives to using cars in particular, and some of those things we can switch to without government support. Becky mentioned cycling for example, some of them we can’t. So the surface transport question is indeed linked to how much real provision there is and that is something I’m sure you’ll want to talk about when it comes to how we travel over the next few weekends.

[He can’t answer because it’s political. So the Citizen’s Assembly can’t be informed of anything that’s political, but is expected to make decisions that are – what? What he cando is accuse his colleague Professor Willis of saying in effect: if there aren’t enough trains in the North of England – get on your bike.]

Question: Public transport is more expensive and less convenient than private. How can we make it more affordable and convenient?

Chris Stark: Again, such an important question, because it points to the need for the government to make a decision on that. One thing the government could do is make public transport provision cheaper. But there are never any easy answers here, so the question is how would that be paid for? And I’m sure that’s something you’re going to want to talk about when we come to the transport discussion.

[Translation. “I don’t know. You tell me.]

Question: Is there an argument for letting climate change happen?

I won’t bother with Chris’s answer. Look it up if you like. The point is this: the parliamentary committees set up what seems to be a pretty fair system for letting a sample of the population spend eight days of their lives listen to government propaganda in a conference hall in Birmingham, and then express themselves; the questions posed on the first day were intelligent and to the point, and some demonstrated a certain scepticism; and the so-called experts revealed themselves as being utterly unprepared. Not only unprepared to meet counter-arguments, but unprepared to engage with people apparently well-disposed and eager to be informed.

Barry Woods, who has watched the videos, describes in a comment somewhere the expert participants as resembling startled rabbits caught in the headlights. It’s not the sceptic nature of the questions that fazes them; it’s the idea that there could be any questions at all about their policy. They have never had to confront alternative points of view, and so they come completely unprepared for the task of confronting other human beings who need to be persuaded, or at least treated as equals.

We sceptics are used to being treated as stubborn, errant children with learning difficulties and psychological problems. The general public is not. 110 members of the public are going to have to get used to it over the next three weekends. I hope they learn something from the experience.

via Climate Scepticism

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February 2, 2020 at 05:00PM

Claire Perry Gets The Boot!

By Paul Homewood

 

h/t Dennis Ambler

 

 

It would appear that the BBC and the Guardian get their act together!

 

Just a few days ago, Matt McGrath was praising Claire Perry to the skies:

 

image

If the Glasgow climate conference fails to deliver, it could mark the end of the global approach to tackling the problem.

COP26 in November will see around 200 world leaders meet to agree a new, long term deal on rising temperatures.

But according to Claire O’Neill, the president of COP26, the UK has "one shot" at making it a success.

She told a BBC documentary that if Glasgow fails, people will question the whole UN approach.

COP26 marks a critical moment for the UN in the long running effort to find a global solution to climate change.

As part of the Paris climate deal, agreed in 2015, countries are meant to update their carbon cutting plans by the end of this year.

So far, 114 say they have done this, or are in the process of doing so this year.

Another 120 countries have now told the UN that they have either agreed on plans to reach net-zero emissions by 2050 or are working towards that goal.

While this represents some progress, a key part of the Glasgow meeting will be trying to push countries to go even further.

In December, there was widespread dismay after countries failed to agree on more ambitious steps at the Madrid conference of the parties known as COP25.

The messy compromise in the Spanish capital has also left a raft of complex issues unresolved, including the use of carbon markets, plus the question of compensation for loss and damage suffered by poorer nations from storms and rising sea levels.

Underpinning the lack of progress in Madrid was the huge gap between big emitters such as Brazil, Australia, India, China and US and an alliance of countries wanting to go much faster including the European Union, small island states and vulnerable nations.

Former UK minister Claire O’Neill has been tasked with presiding over COP26 and delivering an agreement acceptable to all.

Widely seen as knowledgeable and authoritative, Ms O’Neill says that Glasgow is the best, and perhaps last chance to make progress under the long drawn out UN process.

"I think we have one shot," she said, speaking to the BBC at the end of the Madrid conference in December.

"I think if we don’t have a successful outcome next year people will legitimately look at us and say ‘what are you doing, is there a better way?’

"I think we have this amazing opportunity to get the world together to talk about ambition but crucially to deliver it, and I guess I am really determined to do that."

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-51229604

 

Unfortunately he forgot to check his script first with his chums at the Guardian, who published this four days later:

image

Claire O’Neill, the former UK energy minister who was to lead the UN climate talks this year in Glasgow, has been removed from the post.

Her sacking comes as Boris Johnson prepares to launch the UK’s strategy for hosting November’s crunch climate talks, known as COP26.

O’Neill, under her Twitter handle of @COP26President, wrote on Friday evening: “Very sad that the role I was offered by Boris Johnson last year has now been rescinded as Whitehall ‘can’t cope’ with an indy COP unit. A shame we haven’t had one climate cabinet meeting since we formed. Wishing the COP team every blessing in the climate recovery emergency.”

The dramatic last-minute change of plan follows murmurings over the past month that O’Neill, known under her previous married name of Perry when she was a minister, lacked the gravitas for one of the most important jobs in international politics this year.

A source in the COP26 unit said: “Claire has seriously underperformed, including at Davos and on a recent ministerial visit to India. She had said ‘the Paris agreement is dead’ in key meetings to the surprise of everyone.

“She didn’t seem to get that this is a diplomatic job. The senior team of officials in the unit couldn’t work with her and her erratic behaviour and poor performance has spooked key stakeholders in the UK and internationally. She had to go. The PM now needs to show he is taking this seriously by appointing a heavy-hitting minister.”

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/jan/31/former-energy-minister-removed-as-un-climate-talks-chair?

 

Obviously telling everybody that the Paris so-called Agreement has been a waste of time is rather like telling the Emperor he has no clothes!

But poor deluded Matt McGrath still seems to think that the rest of the world gives a toss about any of this nonsense.

via NOT A LOT OF PEOPLE KNOW THAT

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February 2, 2020 at 04:21PM

BREAKING: Punxsutawney to retire Phil the groundhog, replace him with Greta Thunberg

People send me stuff. A friend of mine (an insider in the groundhog committee bunker) tells me that due to the pressure they are getting from PETA (for groundhog abuse) that they will soon announce that they are retiring ” Punxsutawney Phil”, the famous weather prognosticator, and replace him with globally respected child climate forecaster Greta Thunberg.

Apparently, the behind-the-scenes argument for this is that since all “weather is now climate” on a daily basis, they can safely switch from a rodent-based weather forecaster to a brat-based human climate forecaster.

While PETA has been calling for an “animatronic” groundhog robot to replace Phil, the groundhog committee felt that wouldn’t be believable, and since the same sort of people that believe in the reliability of rodent-based weather forecasting, would also likely believe Greta Thunberg’s climate prognostications, the committee decided she would be a better and more believable fit than a robot.

This makes as much sense to me as anything else I’ve heard about climate alarmism.

Star of the movie Groundhog Day, Bill Murray, had no comment when asked, but he’s already taken the unemployed Phil away on an alternate timeline loop:

Meanwhile, our resident cartoonist, Josh, has summed it all up very nicely:

Josh worked on a Sunday (Super Bowl Sunday and Groundhog Day no less) to get this done, so please buy him a pint here.

Big h/t to Mike Wolcott for starting the ball rolling.

via Watts Up With That?

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February 2, 2020 at 03:15PM

Dungeness Crabs Redux

Guest Post by Willis Eschenbach

Well, after my last post, The Solution To Dissolution, I thought I was done with the Dungeness crab question. And I was happy to be done with those chilly crustaceans. Writing that post brought back memories of how cold the fishery is. I remember leaving out from Eureka harbor at the north end of California and crossing the bar at the mouth of Humboldt Bay well before dawn. The “bar” is where the sand piles up at a harbor entrance and it gets shallow enough for the waves to break … and Humboldt Bay has a bad bar. Lots of people have lost their lives there. Here’s a Coast Guard boat fighting its way out to sea across that bar …

On the way out to the fishing grounds, we had to make up the bait bags for the crab pots. We used frozen anchovies for bait, and I can assure you that breaking up blocks of frozen fish before dawn with my hands in thin rubber gloves in pitching seas in December is not my idea of a good party … I’m a tropical boy whose idea of frozen things relates more to whiskey glasses and drinks with tiny umbrellas and the like. So I’d hoped that my last post would let me return in memory to warmer times and more pleasant fisheries.

In that post, I discussed the manifold problems with the incorrect media claim that “The Pacific Ocean is becoming so acidic it is starting to dissolve the shells of a key species of crab, according to a new US study.”

I pointed out that the ocean was moving a bit toward neutral, a process that alarmist scientists and the media falsely call “ACIDIFICATION!!!” I noted that terminology was chosen to scare people. I said that if we used the correct terminology, the media claim would be:

“The Pacific Ocean is becoming so neutral it is starting to dissolve the shells of a key species of crab, according to a new US study.”

And of course, that is both not alarming and not possible. 

So with that post, I figured my crabby memories were in the rear-view mirror.

But noooo … as Michael Corleone said, “Just when I thought I was out, they pull me back in!” Over on Facebook someone mentioned that I hadn’t looked at the most basic data—how many crabs were actually caught, and were the numbers dropping? And they were right, it’s a very valid question.

However, this question is not as simple as it seems. Changes in fishing regulations, changes in season length, changes in the number of boats, things like excess domoic acid making the crabs poisonous and delaying the season openings, all of these kinds of issues can influence the total landings of any marine species. 

Plus the information is kind of hard to find. I did find this, from the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, clearly the most confusingly crabby chart imaginable.

Finally, I thought “The UN Food and Agriculture Organization must have the data”, and they did. So with the above caveats about changes in regulations and seasons and the like, here are the records from the FAO FIGIS Fisheries Statistics regarding Dungeness crab landings for the Northwestern US including Alaska, and for Canada.

Figure 1. Total Dungeness crab landings, US and Canada. The big drop in 2015 was from excess domoic acid in the crabs greatly delaying the opening of the Dungeness crab commercial fishing season. The background shows crab fishing boats leaving out of Newport Harbor in Oregon.

There are several interesting things about Figure 1. 

First, CO2 has been rising, and the oceans have been becoming slightly more neutral, during the entire period shown above.

Next, if the Dungeness crabs are getting dissolved by the slight decrease in pH, they didn’t get the memo … 

Next, in my previous post I’d described a problem with the study, which used samples collected in 2016, as follows:

They went on a two-month cruise, took some samples, and extrapolated heavily. We don’t even know if they’d have found the exact same “dissolution” a hundred, fifty, or twenty-five years ago. Or perhaps the dissolution was particularly bad during that particular two-month period in that particular small location. 

This should not surprise us. One reason that so many marine creatures spawn hundreds of thousands of larvae is that many, perhaps most, of them will drift into inhospitable conditions and die for any one of a host of reasons—problems with salinity, turbidity, pH, predators, temperature, the list is long.

With that in mind, look in Figure 1 at the large jump in US landings in 2012, as well as the equally large drop in the following year. One year currents and temperatures and the rest were favorable. But the next year, bad currents took them into the wrong area, or some other oceanic condition was wrong, and most of them died. This shows the beauty of mass spawnings—although the numbers can drop precipitously in one year, the numbers can also bounce back in the following year. It’s one difference between the land and the sea. On land, most creatures except insects have only a few offspring. But in the sea, almost every kind of life reproduces prodigiously. This allows even a few survivors to quickly repopulate the species.

And finally, overall, I see no evidence of the claimed effect of a slightly lower pH on the Dungeness crabs. Remember that as pointed out in my last post, the pH of the ocean along this coast can vary by a huge amount in a single day.

In closing, let me add a couple of points raised in the comments to my last post.

The first regards what scientists call the “diel vertical migration” of the “deep scattering layer”. (“Diel” means “daily”, but they’re scientists so that’s not impressive enough).

In the open ocean every night, billions of tiny zooplankton swim vertically some 500 metres or so up to near the surface and spend the hours of darkness there. Then before dawn, they swim back down to spend the day in the darkness of the depths. I’ve read that it’s the largest animal migration by weight on the planet, happening invisibly every day. There are so many tiny zooplankton that they can be seen on sonar. Here’s an example:

Figure 2. Sonar record of diel (daily) vertical migration of zooplankton in the open ocean. SOURCE

As a long-time fisherman and ocean aficionado, I knew about that amazing migration. But what I hadn’t thought about is that these creatures were going from a pH in the neighborhood of 8.0 at the surface down to waters with a pH around 7.5 down in the deeps … a change of half a pH point in a couple of hours. Kinda dwarfs the predicted slight ocean neutralization expected by 2100 according to the RCP 6.0 of 0.08 pH units … half a pH unit in two hours versus 0.08 pH units in 80 years? No contest.

The other interesting item that was pointed out is that crabs evolved under much higher levels of CO2. I can’t do better than to quote a comment on this:

Decapods evolved in the late Silurian or early Devonian Period, ie under CO2 levels of 4500 to 2200 ppm. If anything, a paltry 400 ppm is not optimum for them.

The crablike form has evolved at least five times among decapods. Crustaceans with shells evolved in the Cambrian, ie under 7000 ppm. The top predator of that period was the crustacean Anomalocaris.

This is very important, not just for crabs, but for all sea creatures. As another commenter pointed out:

During the Devonian period, CO2 was around 4,500 ppm and the oceans were around 30 degC. This era (some 420 to 350 million years ago) was known as the age of the fish. The oceans teamed with life and the largest fish ever to swim the oceans swam during this era.

I’d never thought seriously about the pH of the ocean when CO2 was much higher in the past. One thing’s for sure—past extremely high CO2 levels didn’t cause the ocean biota of the time to start pining for the fjords

This is one of the reasons I love writing for the web. If I got all scientificized and wrote up something learnedly crabistical for the journals about this, I’d never get the amazing feedback that I get on this site. I learn as much from reading the comments as I do from my own research.


Meanwhile, here up on our hillside above the ocean, the sun is revealing the moss on the redwood tree stumps in verdant splendor …

… and in any case, this should let me put crabs firmly in my rear-view mirror now …

w.

… or not … WARNING: VIEWER DISCRETION ADVISED. The following tale involves allegations of unbridled pediculosis and rampant hallucinations. It is not scientific at all. Proceed at your own risk. And if you are offended by what I’ve written, please don’t fill Anthony’s email box up with complaints. You are proceeding at your risk, not his.

One lovely warm afternoon in Hawaii, I was enjoying the day when I felt a curious itching sensation in my … well … in the location my old Drill Instructor used to call the “groan area.” I made an examination of said zone, and for the first and only time in my life, I found I was unwittingly providing a home to Pthiris pubis, commonly known as “having a case of the crabs”.

I grabbed one of those jokers as it was in mid-stride making haste towards the nearest … bush … and held it up in the sunshine to take a close look at it. However, there was a complicating factor. No surprise there, things in my life tend to happen in odd combinations.

At the time, I was working as a trainee psychotherapist in a residential therapy setting where we used LSD as an adjunct to psychotherapy. I’ve described my time there, on my blog in a post called Life In The Psychedelicatessen. And as life turns out sometimes, on that lovely Hawaiian afternoon I was well and truly under the influence of that most curious of hallucinogens.

One of the effects of LSD is that you can focus way, way down on something and it appears huge. So when I looked at that tiny crab, it looked something like this …

… only it was coruscating and sparkling and radiating colored light and changing sizes as I watched it … YIKES!

To say I was stunned is a massive understatement. 

Despite my impaired state, I walked to the nearest pharmacy, bought some Quell shampoo, and still under the influence, I went home and dealt summarily with the tiny home invaders … and with the ending of that tale, now, perhaps, I can finally put crabs firmly in the rear-view mirror and move on.

PS: My usual request. When you are commenting, to avoid misunderstandings please quote the exact words you are discussing.

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February 2, 2020 at 12:07PM