Category: Uncategorized

Wonderful World of Bicarbonate and CO2

Wonderful World of Bicarbonate and CO2

via Principia Scientific International
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My book Sodium Bicarbonate is not only about sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), but also about magnesium bicarbonate and to a lesser degree potassium bicarbonate and calcium bicarbonate. However, the star of the show in this book is bicarbonate. The second star of the show is carbon dioxide (CO2). Most of the conjugate acid of bicarbonate […]

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June 23, 2017 at 07:13AM

Why Aren’t They Grounding Flights in Birmingham, Ala?

Why Aren’t They Grounding Flights in Birmingham, Ala?

via Climate Change Dispatch
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It was all over the news a couple of days ago that human-caused climate change is so severe that Sky Harbor Airport in Phoenix, Arizona, is having to ground planes.

“Too Hot to Fly? Climate Change May Take a Toll on Air Travel” New York Times, June 20, 2017

“It’s so hot in Phoenix that airplanes can’t fly” – Washington Post, June 21, 2017

“Extreme heat grounds flights in Phoenix” – AOL, June 21, 2017

Most of the “greenhouse gases” are in Alabama. Why aren’t they grounding flights in Birmingham?

The average concentration of atmospheric “greenhouse gases” in June 2017:
Phoenix = 5,400 ppm
Birmingham = 16,400ppm

Phoenix:
Water vapor = 5,000 ppm (average absolute humidity = 5 g/m3)
Carbon dioxide = 400 ppm
Total “greenhouse gas” = 5,400 ppm
Average June 2017 temp = 92 °F

Birmingham:
Water vapor = 16,000 ppm (average absolute humidity = 16 g/m3)
Carbon dioxide = 400 ppm
Total “greenhouse gas” = 16,400 ppm
Average June 2017 temp = 79 °F

The mechanism by which human activity supposedly caused this June’s extreme heat in Phoenix, Arizona, is the “greenhouse effect” hypothesis, which asserts that the atmospheric concentration of “greenhouse gases” and surface level air temperatures are directly proportional.

That is, as the “greenhouse gas” concentration goes up so does the temperature because these “greenhouse gases” are said to “trap heat” in the atmosphere [i].

Can the high concentration of “greenhouse gases” in Birmingham be “trapping heat” in Phoenix, but not in Birmingham itself?  No, of course not.  If “greenhouse gases” were actually “trapping heat” then that “heat” would be “trapped” where the “greenhouse gases” are and not 1,700 miles away!

If the “greenhouse effect” hypothesis were true, Birmingham this June (and every June for that matter) would have been much hotter than Phoenix because it had an average of 300% more “greenhouse gases.”

In this graph, the blue bars are the average June temperatures over the past 18 years in °F for Phoenix (left) and Birmingham (right.)  The orange bars are the average June absolute humidity readings over the past 18 years in g/m3 for Phoenix (left) and Birmingham (right.)

While the “most potent greenhouse gas”—water vapor—was 300% higher in Birmingham compared to Phoenix, the average June temperature in Birmingham was 13 °F cooler than Phoenix.  This means that atmospheric “greenhouse gas” concentrations and ground level air temperatures are inversely not directly proportional.

Water vapor has a distinct, obvious and measurable cooling effect on ground level air temperatures.  The hypothesis that asserts that atmospheric “greenhouse gas” concentrations and ground level air temperatures are directly proportional is therefore falsified by empirical observation.

This, of course, does not mean that people will abandon their belief in the “greenhouse effect” hypothesis and stop making specious claims like the high concentration of water vapor in Alabama causes heat waves in Arizona, but at least now you know that they are simply “blowing smoke”.

[i] “GREENHOUSE GASES . . . absorb heat (infrared radiation) emitted from Earth’s surface.  Increases in the atmospheric concentrations of these gases cause [the] Earth to warm by trapping more of this heat.”  Climate Change Evidence & Causes, An overview from the Royal Society and the US National Academy of Sciences

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June 23, 2017 at 07:00AM

Why Aren’t They Grounding Flights in Birmingham, Ala?

Why Aren’t They Grounding Flights in Birmingham, Ala?

via Principia Scientific International
http://ift.tt/1kjWLPW

It was all over the news a couple of days ago that human-caused climate change is so severe that Sky Harbor Airport in Phoenix, Arizona, is having to ground planes. “Too Hot to Fly? Climate Change May Take a Toll on Air Travel” New York Times, June 20, 2017 “It’s so hot in Phoenix that […]

Click title above to read the full article

via Principia Scientific International http://ift.tt/1kjWLPW

June 23, 2017 at 06:55AM

Subsidizing electric vehicles inefficient way to reduce CO2 emissions: study

Subsidizing electric vehicles inefficient way to reduce CO2 emissions: study

via Tallbloke’s Talkshop
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Image credit: thedrive.com

Yet another supposedly ‘climate-friendly’ policy gets called into question as Phys.org reports. ‘Costs a fortune’ and ‘has little effect’ are two of the criticisms.

Subsidizing the purchase of electric cars in Canada is an inefficient way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions that is not cost effective, according to a Montreal Economic Institute study released Thursday.

“It’s just a waste,” said Germain Belzile, one of the authors of the study, which examined electric vehicle subsidies offered by Canada’s two biggest provinces Ontario and Quebec, which can rise to as much as a third of a vehicle’s purchase price, depending on the model. “Not only do these programs cost taxpayers a fortune, but they also have little effect on GHG emissions,” he said.

The government of Quebec has set a goal of having one million electric and hybrid vehicles on its roads by 2030, up from 6,000 currently. Ontario has the same objective.


On this basis, said Belzile, carbon emissions would fall by about 3.6 percent in Quebec and 2.4 percent in Ontario. The two provinces have said they aim to reduce CO2 emissions by about 37 percent by 2030, from 1990 levels.

Quebec is offering rebates of up to Can$8,000 for the purchase of new electric or rechargeable hybrid cars—which are significantly more expensive than their gas-guzzling counterparts—while Ontario is offering to refund Can$14,000 of the purchase price.

The study estimates that these subsidies cost taxpayers Can$523 per tonne of GHG not emitted in Ontario and Can$288 in Quebec.By comparison, a cap and trade system for big polluters in Quebec and the US state of California, which Ontario is due to join soon, costs a mere Can$18 per tonne.

In subsidizing electric vehicle purchases, Ontario and Quebec end up spending up to 29 times and 16 times, respectively, the carbon market price for each tonne of GHGs eliminated.

“Common sense, both economically and ecologically speaking, argues in favor of reducing these subsidies, and even eliminating them,” the study concludes.

Source: Subsidizing electric vehicles inefficient way to reduce CO2 emissions: study | Phys.org

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June 23, 2017 at 06:15AM