Month: July 2020

Met Office Insist Their “Record Rainfall” Claim Is Justified- But Their Own Evidence Shows This To Be Untrue

By Paul Homewood.

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The controversy over the Met Office’s “record rainfall” claim refuses to die down!

 

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One reader challenged the Met Office over this, and received this reply. His questions are in bold:

 

1. Are you saying that the record in the link you refer to (Bruton) is from a non standard site?

Yes the daily data from the contributors to early British Rainfall are not currently included in the digital Met Office climate archives from which we quote the UK extremes. The extremes quoted by the Met Office are for consistency using the historical network of official observing stations, but wider Met Office archival material including the British Rainfall publication are available in the public domain.

2. Why do you compare a site halfway up a mountain (1100 feet) to those at sea level?

We monitor climate across the range of climatic conditions of the UK. Reported extreme values reflect the extremes of UK climate but do not make any direct comparison of one location to another.

3. Do you accept data from the EA, is this not ‘non-standard’?

The EA and Met Office have a long standing collaboration for monitoring UK rainfall. EA gauges meet appropriate standards and are used for climate monitoring.

4. How long has your organisation been referring to rainfall records from this station?

The Honister Pass rain gauge has been reporting since 1970

5. Why was this duration not mentioned in your press releases?

The duration of the individual rain gauge series does not relate to the nature of the specific record being quoted.

We hope that you find these answers useful.

 

Taking each question in turn:

1) I agree there is a certain logic in just using a list of long running, high quality stations, when making claims about records, and for that matter trends. There is always some doubt about the accuracy of many old records.

However, there is a huge problem with this approach, because the Met Office now have many more such sites available nowadays, thus making “extreme rainfall and temperature” events much more likely to be spotted.

Indeed, just using “long running sites” is the opposite of what the Met office are doing, as they are more than happy to use sites with just a few years data.

Below is a map of station networks used by the Met Office for calculating climate trends and providing daily data, and the growth in the number of stations is self evident.

 image

 

The reason for this growth is simple. All of this data now needs to be in digital form, which data in recent decades already is. It is relatively easy to digitalise a few years of earlier data, as it is all kept in a similar format. It is, however, much more difficult to go back to the 19thC and have to digitalise from scratch, especially when records are kept in different places.

In addition, of course, the absence of automatic rain gauges in the past often meant that there was no reliable daily data in upland areas until recently.

 

This issue also raises serious questions about long term trends, as many of the newer stations are at high altitude, where rainfall is inevitably heavier. Although the Met Office claim they “homogenise” for this, it is highly possible that recent national rainfall figures have been skewed upwards as a result.

2) The Met Office claims:

Reported extreme values reflect the extremes of UK climate but do not make any direct comparison of one location to another.

This, of course, is an outright lie. By claiming a “new record” at a mountain site in place of a lowland site, they are doing just that. (I should point out that they still have not published what and where the previous record was).

3) The Met Office claim that Honister Pass is a “standard site”, because it uses an approved gauge. This, however, totally sidesteps the point, that half way up a mountain is NOT a standard site.

Even more disingenuously, however, their inclusion of Honister breaks their own rules, as laid out in 1). That is, they only count records using their own historical network of official observing stations.

Honister is not one of these, as confirmed by the Met Office themselves in their own list of Climate and Synoptic Stations here.

 

4) and 5) Again this is an utterly dishonest reply.

The duration of the individual rain gauge series does not relate to the nature of the specific record being quoted.

Of course it does. As they are comparing apples and oranges, all their supposed new record proves is that the Honister rainfall is the highest since, at best, 1970. Even then, we know that measurements have been spasmodic since the, so we simply don’t know whether higher daily rainfall totals have occurred in the meantime.

 

 

To sum up, the Met Office have ignored incontrovertible evidence that more rain fell in Somerset in 1917, on the basis that Bruton was not formally included in their official network of observing stations.

Yet they are keen to declare a new record at Honister, which is not only not a totally unsuitable site with just a few years of actual data, but also just happens to be not part of their official network of observing stations.

Their hypocrisy and mendacity is astonishing.

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July 9, 2020 at 02:48PM

Journalism in the Cancel Culture era

Skeptics have been living with “cancel culture” for years, but now suddenly, nearly the whole Western world is.

Inside Cancel-Culture whole people and even statues are sliced out of public debate because of one breach of some optional movable rule. No matter how many years of experience or how great their achievements, one single “mistake” in the game of virtue signalling in any area means all their opinions on every topic are deemed unworthy.

Obviously, those that can’t persuade, seek to cancel instead.

Here’s the brilliant Remy from late last year mocking journalists with twitter trawling fixations.

Imagine what would happen if an anchorman could say what they really thought?

“Toss him in a well and see if he floats”

PS: It’s good to see a few grown-ups like JK Rowling speaking up to end the cancel culture toxicity. It’s a shame they had to toss crumbs to the TDS crocodile. (People are looting and pillaging, but Trump‘s a “threat to Democracy”?) But otherwise they fight the good fight for free speech.

“We need to preserve the possibility of good-faith disagreement without dire professional consequences.”

And so we do.

Rating: 10.0/10 (1 vote cast)

Rating: 10.0/10 (1 vote cast)

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July 9, 2020 at 01:53PM

Squeezing The Sponge

Over in the Tweetosphere, where I’m @WEschenbach, I read that we’re in for rainy times:

The atmosphere cools and shrinks when the Sun gets sleepy. Rain is wrung out of it like a sponge. We have been entering a solar grand minimum since 2008. The bottom of it will be around 2035.

There are two parts to that claim. One is that in times of low solar activity (signified by low sunspots) the atmosphere, in particular the troposphere where the weather occurs, will cool down. The other is that when the troposphere cools down, we’ll get significantly more rain as the water is “wrung out of” the troposphere. So let me look at the parts separately.

First, does the troposphere cool down during times when low sunspots signify low solar activity? If so, nobody told the troposphere. If temperatures actually dropped when sunspot numbers dropped, then temperatures and sunspot numbers would be positively correlated … but here’s the reality:

Figure 1. Correlation between UAH MSU monthly lower tropospheric temperature anomaly in various areas of the planet and monthly sunspots, Dec 1979 to June 2020. Blue is positive correlation, red is negative. Latitude bands as follows: Global -85 to +85 latitude
Hemispheric 0 to +/- 85 latitude
Extratropics +/- 20 to +/- 85 latitude
Polar +/- 60 to +/- 85 latitude

Note that there are no negative correlations between tropospheric temperatures in different parts of the world. When the world warms or cools, it seems the motions of the troposphere and ocean must move the heat around the planet fairly rapidly. The only area in Figure 1 where the troposphere is relatively uncoupled from the rest of the planet is the South Pole.

But not one part of the troposphere is positively correlated with sunspots as the claim would require.

Now, the absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. So all I can say is that once again, I find no evidence that sunspots and atmospheric temperatures are significantly positively correlated as the theory requires. This agrees with my previous research on the subject as put forth in the 24 or so posts listed here

Next, let’s examine the claim that we’ll have lots more rain because it would get “wrung out of” the cooler troposphere. I’ve not run the numbers yet, but that seems highly improbable. The amount of rainfall is a function of the amount of water leaving the surface, passing through the clouds, and returning to the surface. It’s not so much a function of the amount that the atmosphere can hold at a given instant.

Here’s a way to envision it. If you think of the hydrological cycle as a giant waterwheel lifting water from the surface to the clouds and then returning the water back to the surface as rain, the amount of rain is a function of how fast the waterwheel is turning, not just the size of the buckets.

So, having considered what I might expect to find, I ran the numbers. Virtually all atmospheric water is in the troposphere, the lowest level of the atmosphere. The amount of water in the troposphere is called “total precipitable water” or “TPW”, with units of kilograms of water per square metre (kg/m2) of surface area. Globally, the average TPW is about 28 kg/m2.

Figure 2. Distribution of total precipitable water.

(Unfortunately, I can’t find numbers for global TPW. However, TPW above the ocean is bound to be greater than TPW above the desert or in the mountains. So the values above represent a maximum possible value for the global TPW.)

Now, the metric system is lovely. One liter of water weighs one kilo. And one millimetre of rainfall over one square metre is one liter of rainfall. So if every drop of the 28 kg/m2 of precipitable water were squeezed out of the sky, we’d get 28 mm (about an inch) of rainfall. And since the global average rainfall is about 1 metre (39 inches) per year, the atmosphere only holds water to the amount of about 2.8% of average annual rainfall. A small amount. As I said, the amount of rainfall is not a function of atmospheric capacity.

But wait, that’s converting all 28 kg/m2 of the precipitable water to rain. The amount squeezed out by a temperature change is far less than that. Per the discussion here, the change in TPW at the global mean temperature of about fifteen degrees C is on the order of one kg per degree.

Figure 3. Scatterplot, Remote Sensing Systems (RSS) total precipitable water (TPW) versus the ReynoldsOI sea surface temperature data.

So if the troposphere were to cool by say 2°C, it might squeeze 2 kilos of water per square metre, which is 2 mm of rain, out of the atmospheric sponge … and that’s a one-time 2 mm increase spread out over the entire 15-year period of projected cooling. So it would be much less than a millimetre per year.

And that’s a change in annual rainfall of much less than a tenth of one measly percent—not even detectable.


Conclusions? The claims that decreasing solar activity

  • will bring tropospheric cooling, and that
  • the cooling will “wring” a significant amount of water out of the troposphere,

both fail to find any observational or theoretical support in the tropospheric temperature and TPW datasets considered above.

Best to all, stay safe, stay well,

w.

PS—When you comment, please quote the exact words you are discussing, so we can all understand just exactly what and who you are referring to.

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July 9, 2020 at 12:30PM

In 2006 The ‘Science’ Of Pandemic Mitigation Was Nearly The Opposite Of What It Is In 2020

A 2006 peer-reviewed scientific paper (Inglesby et al., 2006) on pandemic mitigation policy said the efficacy of 3-feet social distancing is unknown, surgical masks do little to prevent virus droplet inhalation, and closing schools, restaurants, stores…have seriously adverse community consequences.

The paper refers to what policymakers should recommend if there is an influenza pandemic.

Keep in mind that the flu kills about 500,000 people a year worldwide and there have been some years when it has reached pandemic proportions, killing over a million people (i.e., 1957-’58, 1968-’69).

In 1918 the flu pandemic killed 50 million out of 500 million infections worldwide. At the time, that was one-third of the world’s population.

And yet at no time have we ever responded to a pandemic the way we have with COVID-19.

Image Source: Inglesby et al., 2006

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July 9, 2020 at 11:13AM